PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ANTIBODIES IN TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV INFECTION
Main Article Content
Abstract
The review discusses the protective humoral mechanisms in tuberculosis and HIV infection. These include the immunoglobulin Fc receptor (Fc receptor) mediated antibody effector functions leading to pathogen clearance, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, and other defense responses. Both the isotype/class of protective antibodies and the expression and phenotype of Fc receptors determined by polymorphic genes on effector cells can be the basis for the implementation of these functions. Identification of the adaptability of specific antibodies and their immune complexes to polymorphic variants of Fc receptors for immunoglobulins is necessary to elucidate aspects of the formation of specific humoral immunity in infectious lesions, to obtain information for the development of new personalized approaches to the treatment of tuberculosis and HIV infection based on protective antibodies.
Keywords
Article Details
Information about financing and conflict of interests
The author declares that there are no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
How to Cite
References
Manosuthi W, Chottanapand S, Thongyen S, Chaovavanich A, Sungkanuparph S. Survival rate and risk factors of mortality among HIV/tuberculosis-coinfected patients with and without antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006; 43: 42-46. DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000230521.86964.86
Esmail H, Riou C, Bruyn ED, Lai RP, Harley YXR, Meintjes G, et al. The Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-1-Coinfected Persons. Annu Rev Immunol. 2018; 36: 603-638. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053420
Geldmacher C, Ngwenyama N, Schuetz A, Petrovas C, Reither K, Heeregrave EJ, et al. Preferential infection and depletion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells after HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med. 2010; 207(13): 2869-2881. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100090
Gupta A, Wood R, Kaplan R, Bekker LG, Lawn SD. Tuberculosis incidence rates during 8 years of follow-up of an antiretroviral treatment cohort in South Africa: comparison with rates in the community. PLoS One. 2012; 7(3): e34156. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034156
Naidoo K, Rampersad S, Karim SA. Improving survival with tuberculosis & HIV treatment integration: A mini-review. Indian J Med Res. 2019; 150(2): 131-138. DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_660_19; DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_660_19
Sharma SK, Soneja M, Prasad KT, Ranjan S. Clinical profile & predictors of poor outcome of adult HIV-tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care centre in north India. Indian J Med Research. 2014; 139(1): 154-160
Zhang G, Gong Y, Wang Q, Deng L, Zhang S, Liao Q, et al. Outcomes and factors associated with survival of patients with HIV/AIDS initiating antiretroviral treatment in Liangshan Prefecture, southwest of China: A retrospective cohort study from 2005 to 2013. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95(27): e3969. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003969
Pathmanathan I, Dokubo EK, Shiraishi RW, Agolory SG, Auld AF, Onotu D, et al. Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria, 2004-2012. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(3): e0173309. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.017330
Kaplan R, Hermans S, Caldwell J, Jennings K, Bekker LG, Wood R. HIV and TB co-infection in the ART era: CD4 count distributions and TB case fatality in Cape Town. BMC Infect Dis. 2018; 18: 356. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3256-9
Stockdale AJ, Nkuranga J, Török ME, Faragher B, Lalloo DG. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected tuberculosis patients in rural Kenya: An observational study. Trop Med Int Health. 2013; 18: 907-914. DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12110
Maltseva NV, Viktorova IB, Kazantseva OM, Arkhipova SV, Khanin AL. Immunoglobulins and mortality prediction in the clinical course of HIV coinfection and tuberculosis. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2021; 11(3): 1-32. (Мальцева Н.В., Викторова И.Б., Казанцева О.М., Архипова С.В., Ханин А.Л. Иммуноглобулины и предикция летальности при клиническом течении коинфекции ВИЧ и туберкулез //Инфекция и иммунитет. 2021. Т. 11, № 3. С. 539-548.) DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-IAP-1366
Yu X, Prados-Rosales R, Jenny-Avital ER, Sosa K, Casadevall A, Achkar JM. Comparative evaluation of profiles of antibodies to mycobacterial capsular polysaccharides in tuberculosis patients and controls stratified by HIV status. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012; 19(2): 198-208. DOI: 10.1128/CVI.05550-11
Da Costa CT, Khanolkar-Young S, Elliott AM, Wasunna KM, McAdam KP. Immunoglobulin G subclass responses to mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in HIV-infected and non-infected patients with tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol.1993; 91(1): 25-29. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03348.x
Sousa AO, Henry S, Marója FM, Lee FK, Brum L, Singh M, et al. IgG subclass distribution of antibody responses to protein and polysaccharide mycobacterial antigens in leprosy and tuberculosis patients. Clin Exp Immunol. 1998; 111(1): 48-55. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00452.x
Barrera L, de Kantor I, Ritacco V, Reniero A, López B, Benetucci J, et al. Humoral response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Tuber Lung Dis. 1992; 73(4): 187-191. DOI: 10.1016/0962-8479(92)90084-w
Park JH, Shin BC, Do BH, Oh JT, Lee JM, Kim SW, Kim NS. Serum IgE levels in Korean patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Korean J Intern Med. 2002; 17(2): 88-93. DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2002.17.2.88
Israel-Biet D, Labrousse F, Tourani J-M, Sors H, Andrieu J-M, Even P. Elevation of IgE in HIV-infected subjects: a marker of poor prognosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992; 89: 68-75. DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(05)80042-9
Ferrazzi M, De Rinaldis ML, Salotti A, Cirelli A. Serum IgE levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected patients: correlation between IgE and CD4+ cells. Riv Eur Sci Med Farmacol. 1993; 15(2): 67-70
Abate E, Belayneh M, Gelaw A, Idh J, Getachew A, Alemu S, et al. The Impact of asymptomatic helminth co-infection in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in North-West Ethiopia. Plos ONE. 2012; 7(8): e42901. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042901
Woudenbergh EV, Irvine EB, Davies L, de Kock M, Hanekom WA, Day CL, et al. HIV Is Associated with Modified Humoral Immune Responses in the Setting of HIV/TB Coinfection. mSphere. 2020; 5(3): e00104-20. DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00104-20
Bangani N, Nakiwala J, Martineau AR, Wilkinson RJ, Wilkinson KA, Lowe DM. HIV-1 Infection Impairs CD16 and CD35 Mediated Opsonophagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Human Neutrophils . J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016; 73(3): 263-267. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001103
Chen T, Blanc C, Eder AZ, Prados-Rosales R, Souza AC, Kim RS, et al. Association of Human Antibodies to Arabinomannan With Enhanced Mycobacterial Opsonophagocytosis and Intracellular Growth Reduction. J Infect Dis. 2016; 214(2): 300-310. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw141
Li H, Wang X, Wang B, Fu L, Liu G, Lu Y, et al. Latently and uninfected healthcare workers exposed to TB make protective antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017; 114(19): 5023-5028. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611776114
Prados-Rosales R, Carreno L, Cheng T, Blanc C, Weinrick B, Malek A, et al. Enhanced control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis extrapulmonary dissemination in mice by an arabinomannan-protein conjugate vaccine. PLoS Pathog. 2017; 13(3): e1006250. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006250
Williams A, Reljic R, Naylor I, Clark SO, Falero-Diaz G, Singh M, et al. Passive protection with immunoglobulin A antibodies against tuberculous early infection of the lungs. Immunology. 2004; 111(3): 328-333. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01809.x
Reljic R, Clark SO, Williams A, Falero-Diaz G, Singh M, Challacombe S, et al. Intranasal IFNgamma extends passive IgA antibody protection of mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung infection. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006; 143(3): 467-473. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03012.x
Buccheri S, Reljic R, Caccamo N, Meraviglia S, Ivanyi J, Salerno A, Dieli F. Prevention of the post-chemotherapy relapse of tuberculous infection by combined immunotherapy. Tubercul (Edinb). 2009; 89(1): 91-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2008.09.00
Zimmermann N, Thormann V, Hu B, Köhler AB, Imai-Matsushima A, Locht C, et al. Human isotype-dependent inhibitory antibody responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. EMBO Mol Med. 2016; 8(11):1325-1339. DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606330
Tran AC, Diogo GR, Paul MJ, Copland A, Hart P, Mehta N, et al. Mucosal Therapy of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis With IgA and Interferon-γ. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 582833. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582833
Teitelbaum R, Glatman-Freedman A, Chen B, Robbins JB, Unanue E, Casadevall A, Bloom BR. A mAb recognizing a surface antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhances host survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998; 95(26): 15688-1593. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.26.15688
Hamasur B, Haile M, Pawlowski A, Schroder U, Kallenius G, Svenson SB. A mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan specific monoclonal antibody and its F(ab’) fragment prolong survival of mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004; 138(1): 30-38. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02593.x
Lu LL, Chung AW, Rosebrock TR, Ghebremichael M, Yu WH, Grace PS, et al. A Functional Role for Antibodies in Tuberculosis. Cell. 2016; 167(2): 433-443 e14. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.072
Dianzani F, Antonelli G, Riva E, Turriziani O, Antonelli L, Tyring S, et al. Is human immunodeficiency virus RNA load composed of neutralized immune complexes? J Infect Dis. 2002; 185: 1051-1054. DOI: 10.1086/340043
Ravetch, JV, Bolland S. IgG Fc receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001; 19: 275-290. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.275
Yada A, Ebihara S, Matsumura K, Endo S, Maeda T, Nakamura A, et al. Accelerated antigen presentation and elicitation of humoral response in vivo by FcgammaRIIB- and FcgammaRI/III-mediated immune complex uptake. Cell Immunol. 2003; 225(1): 21-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2003.09.008
Li X, Wu J, Ptacek T, Redden DT, Brown EE, Alarcón GS, et al. Allelic-dependent expression of an activating Fc receptor on B cells enhances humoral immune responses. Sci Transl Med. 2013; 5(216): 216 ra175. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007097
Perez LG, Costa MR, Todd CA, Haynes BF, Montefiori DC. Utilization of immunoglobulin G Fc receptors by human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a specific role for antibodies against the membrane-proximal external region of gp41. J Virol. 2009; 83(15): 7397-7410. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00656-09
Burton DR. Antibodies, viruses and vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002; 2(9): 706-13. DOI: 10.1038/nri891
Li SS, Gilbert PB, Tomaras GD, Kijak G, Ferrari G, Thomas R, et al. FCGR2C polymorphisms associate with HIV-1 vaccine protection in RV144 trial. J Clin Invest. 2014; 124(9): 3879-3890. DOI: 10.1172/JCI75539
Warmerdam PA, van de Winkel JG, Gosselin EJ, Capel PJ. Molecular basis for a polymorphism of human Fc gamma receptor II (CD32). J Exp Med. 1990; 172(1): 19-25. DOI: 10.1084/jem.172.1.19
Ory PA, Goldstein IM, Kwoh EE, Clarkson SB. NA1 / 2 в FcγRIII B Characterization of polymorphic forms of Fc receptor III on human neutrophils. J Clin Invest. 1989; 83(5): 1676-1681. DOI: 10.1172/JCI114067
Ravetch JV, Perussia B. Alternative membrane forms of Fc gamma RIII(CD16) on human natural killer cells and neutrophils. Cell type-specific expression of two genes that differ in single nucleotide substitutions. J Exp Med. 1989; 170(2): 481-497. DOI: 10.1084/jem.170.2.481
Roederer M, Quaye L, Mangino M, Beddall MH, Mahnke Y, Chattopadhyay P, et al. The genetic architecture of the human immune system: a bioresource for autoimmunity and disease pathogenesis. Cell. 2015; 161(2): 387-403. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.046
Hirvinen M, Heiskanen R, Oksanen M, Pesonen S, Liikanen I, Joensuu T, et al. Fc-gamma receptor polymorphisms as predictive and prognostic factors in patients receiving oncolytic adenovirus treatment. J Transl Med. 2013; 11: 193. DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-193
Forthal DN, Landucci G, Bream J, Jacobson LP, Phan TB, Montoya B. FcgammaRIIa genotype predicts progression of HIV infection. J Immunol. 2007; 179(11): 7916-23. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.11.7916
Kistner-Griffin E, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Pandey JP. Epistatic interactions between Fc (GM) and FcγR genes and the host control of human immunodeficiency virus replication. Hum Immunol. 2012; 73(3): 263-266. DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.12.008
Poonia B, Kijak GH, Pauza CD. High affinity allele for the gene of FCGR3A is risk factor for HIV infection and progression. PLoS One. 2010; 5(12): e15562. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015562
Forthal DN, Landucci G, Bream J, Jacobson LP, Phan TB, Montoya B. FcγRIIa Genotype Predicts Progression of HIV Infection. J Immunol. 2007; 179(11): 7916-7923. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.11.7916
Su B, Dispinseri S, Iannone V, Zhang T, Wu H, Carapito R, et al. Update on Fc-Mediated Antibody Functions Against HIV-1 Beyond Neutralization. Front Immunol. 2019; 10: 2968. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02968