NEUROPLACENTOLOGY AND CYTOKINE DYNAMICS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN
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Abstract
Тhere is active research into the concept of placental influence on programming neurological and neuropyschological disorders in fetuses and newborns caused by release of pro-inflammatory substances and deficiency of regulatory neuroendocrine placenta functions.
The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between maternal levels of extracellular interaction mediators and the development of neurological disorders in neonates as well as determine cytokine profiles in children with neurological deficits.
Materials and methods. We examined 50 full-term infants discharged from maternity hospital in satisfactory condition. Levels of C-reactive protein, key pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-4) cytokines were analyzed in umbilical cord blood at birth, at age three days, and at three months old. At three months of age, depending on presence or absence of motor impairments, children were divided into groups. Statistical hypotheses testing utilized Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t-test. Standardized values based on mean concentration were used for statistical data transformation.
Results. In mothers whose children developed neurological disorders, statistically significant elevation of IL-1β level was observed. These children showed increased activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8) at birth, at day three (IL-8, TNF-α), and at three months (IL-8, IL-10). This corresponds to a chronic inflammatory reaction pattern. Insufficient production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4) noted in umbilical cord blood and at three months resulted in immune process imbalance impeding recovery of brain tissue structural and functional properties.
Conclusion. In healthy children, balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines exhibits bidirectional dynamics by three months. Children developing neurological pathologies show similar patterns across all studied cytokines reflecting severity of clinical conditions.
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