TRANSFORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF MAJOR DISEASE CLASSES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN: LONGITUDINAL OBSERVATION DATA
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Abstract
Child health represents the main potential of a country, determines its demographic and human resources, and sets the prospects for the future economic and social growth of the state. School-mediated diseases, which constitute a group of polyetiological functional disorders and chronic diseases with high prevalence among schoolchildren, are capable of reducing child health indicators.
Aim – to study the specific features of the transformation of the structure of major disease classes in children over the period of primary school education based on the results of a prospective longitudinal analysis.
Results. Assessment of the transformation of the morbidity structure in children during primary school education revealed a statistically significant manifestation of diseases of the circulatory system (pMcNemar = 0.016). A statistically significant increase in morbidity was noted for diseases of the respiratory system (RR = 4.40; 95% CI: 1.87–10.36; p < 0.001), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (RR = 3.06; 95% CI: 2.29–4.09; p < 0.001), diseases of the digestive system (RR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.20–3.90; p = 0.008), and diseases of the endocrine system, nutritional disorders, and metabolic disturbances (RR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.55–2.73; p < 0.001). A decrease in morbidity was identified for symptoms, signs, and abnormal findings (RR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01–0.26; p < 0.001) and for mental and behavioural disorders (RR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.20–0.74; p = 0.006).
Conclusion. The study confirms the multidirectional nature of the emerging changes in disease classes among primary school children. The integration of advanced statistical analysis methods into research models will allow for a broader and deeper understanding of the patterns of the identified dynamics, the identification of key predictors of the transformation of the morbidity structure, and the formation of a basis for improving monitoring and developing targeted preventive strategies in pediatric practice.
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