Main Article Content
Abstract
The weakly positive Rh factor (Du phenotype) was described by The cause of neoplasms is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which infects about 80% of the world's population. The high rate of HPV infection is due to its high contagiousness, the variety of associated pathologies, and its ability to transform epithelial cells, triggering the process of carcinogenesis.
Papillomas are benign growths that appear on the skin or mucous membranes. Papillomas on the nipples during pregnancy are particularly interesting. Neoplasms appearing on the breast can vary in appearance depending on the location. In 5% of cases, the possible transformation of benign papillomas into malignant neoplasms. Localization of papillomas on the nipples is a rather rare pathology that requires differential diagnosis with breast cancer.
This article describes a clinical case of pregnancy in a woman with a breast papilloma.
Keywords
Article Details
Information about financing and conflict of interests
The authors declare that they have no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
How to Cite
References
Obstetrics: national guidelines /ed: Savelieva GM, Suchich GT, Serov VN, Radzinsky VE. 2nd ed. M.: GEOTHAR-Media; 2022. 1080 p. Russian (Акушерство: национальное руководство / под ред. Г.М. Савельевой, Г.Т. Сухих, В.Н. Серова, В.Е. Радзинского. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2022. 1080 с.)
Zhang X, Liu W, Hai T, Li F. Upgrade rate and predictive factors for breast benign intraductal papilloma diagnosed at biopsy: a metaanalysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021; 28(13): 8643-8650. doi: 10.1245/s10434-021-10188-7
Qiu L, Mais DD, Nicolas M, Nanyes J, Kist K, Nazarullah A. Diagnosis of papillary breast lesions on core needle biopsy: upgrade rates and interobserver variability. Int J Surg Pathol. 2019; 27(7): 736-743. doi: 10.1177/1066896919854543
Esmayil H, Abayazeed S, Hajaj M. Audit on intraductal papilloma of the breast: upgrade rate, management pitfalls, and updated guidelines in a Tertiary Health Care Center. Cureus. 2021; 13(10): e18763. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18763
Ni YB, Tse GM. Pathological criteria and practical issues in papillary lesionsof the breast – A review. Histopathology. 2016; 68(1): 22-32. doi: 10.1111/his.12866
Kulka J, Madaras L, Floris G, Lax SF. Papillary lesions of the breast. Virchows Arch. 2021; 480: 65-84. doi: 10.1007/s00428-021-03182-7
Moynihan A, Quinn EM, Smith CS, Stokes M, Kell M, Barry JM, et al. Benign breast papilloma: Is surgical excision necessary? Breast J. 2020; 26(4): 705-710. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13642
Abbassi-Rahbar S, Sack S, Larson KE, Wagner JL, Kilgore LJ, Balanoff CR, et al. Multidisciplinary review of intraductal papilloma of the breast can identify patients who may omit surgical excision. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021; 28(10): 5768-5774. doi: 10.1245/s10434-021-10520-1
Junusova EI, Danilova OV, Jusupova LA, Mavljutova GI, Garaeva ZSh. Papillomavirusnaja infekcija i beremennost'. Osobennosti diagnostiki i taktiki vedenija. Lechaschi Vrach Journal. 2018; (5): 56-59. Russia (Юнусова Е.И., Данилова О.В., Юсупова Л.А., Мавлютова Г.И., Гараева З.Ш. Папилломавирусная инфекция и беременность. Особенности диагностики и тактики ведения //Лечащий врач. 2018. № 5. С. 56-59)
Lee SJ, Wahab RA, Sobel LD, Zhang B, Brown AL, Lewis K, et al. Analysis of 612 benign papillomas diagnosed at core biopsy: rate of upgrade to malignancy, factors associated with upgrade, and a proposal for selective surgical excision. Am J Roentgenol. 2021; 217(6): 1299-311. doi: 10.2214/AJR.21.25832
Kader T, Elder K, Zethoven M, Semple T, Hill P, Goode DL, et al. The genetic architecture of breast papillary lesions as a predictor of progression to carcinoma. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2020; 6: 9. DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-0150-6
Novikova VA, Penzhoyan GA. Breast cancer and pregnancy: risks and opportunities for prevention. Gynecology. 2015; 17 (3): 68-75. Russia (Новикова В.А., Пенжоян Г.А. Рак молочной железы и беременность – риски и возможности профилактики //Гинекология. 2015. Т. 17, № 3. С. 68-75)
Walaszek K, Lower EE, Ziolkowski P, Weber GF. Breast cancer risk in premalignant lesions: osteopontin splice variants indicate prognosis. Br J Cancer. 2018; 119(10): 1259-1266. doi: 10.1038/s41416-018-0228-1