NUTRIENT SUPPORT OF PREGNANT WOMEN'S DIET AND ITS ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF GESTATIONAL COMPLICATIONS AND REDUCTION OF ADVERSE PERINATAL OUTCOMES
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Abstract
Poor nutrition during pregnancy is a key modifiable factor contributing to the development of anemia, preeclampsia, placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation, which can lead to perinatal pathology. To prevent gestation complications, it is important to provide pregnant women with a complete and balanced diet. The article discusses the results of using balanced protein-energy supplements in the diet of pregnant women at risk for perinatal pathology as additional nutrition.
The aim of the research to study the importance of food nutrient supplements containing a complex of micro- and macronutrients, as well as proteins, as a support for the basic diet of pregnant women at risk for perinatal pathology in the prevention and reduction of gestation complications (anemia, fetal growth retardation).
Materials and methods. The randomized prospective controlled study involved 97 patients at risk for perinatal complications, randomly divided into two groups. The first group included 42 patients who were recommended to use a specialized protein-energy mixture as a supplement to the main diet. The second group consisted of 55 patients who did not receive additional nutritional support. Statistical data processing was performed using modules of the Statistica v.10.0 software package (StatSoft Inc., USA).
Results. Based on the data obtained, reliable significant differences were revealed between the group receiving nutritional support and the control group. The level of erythrocytes in the main group was significantly higher (p = 0.04), indicating an increase in vital blood elements. The level of hemoglobin (p=0.04) and total blood protein (p = 0.03) demonstrated higher values in the main group, indicating a positive effect of nutritional support. The average thickness of the placenta in the main group was also significantly greater (p = 0.03) compared to the control group. In the control group, a lag in the biparietal diameter of the fetus was verified, recorded by ultrasound in the third trimester (p = 0.02), as well as a more frequent detection of fetal growth retardation (FGR) according to ultrasound data (p = 0.04). These results emphasize the importance of nutritional support for fetal health and suggest the need for its implementation as a measure to optimize perinatal outcomes.
Conclusion. Based on the study, it can be concluded that taking food nutrient supplements containing a complex of micro- and macronutrients and proteins during pregnancy helps to increase the level of total blood protein, eliminates hemoglobin deficiency and reduces the incidence of fetal growth retardation.
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