APPLICATION OF LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY IN DIAGNOSING CERVICAL PATHOLOGY
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective – to study the advantages of liquid-based cytology in comparison with Pap-testin early diagnosis of cervical cancer.
Materials and methods: The clinical records of 46 women of reproductive age were analysed. The women had applied to antenatal clinic in Clinical Policlinic N 20 for routine examination and were studied by clinical, laboratory, statistical methods.
All women underwent cytological screening both with a technology such as the PAP test and a liquid-based one.
Results: The results of cytological screening by the PAP-test showed: the normal findings in 25 women (54.3 %); inflammatory type – in 18 (39.1 %). Three women had inadequate material sampling.
The results of cytological screening by liquid-based cytology showed: negative result – in 22 women (47.8 %); cytogram within normal limits (smear showed inflammatory process) – in 18 women (39.1 %); atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance – in 5 women (10.9 %); low degree of epithelial squamous lesions – in 1 woman (2,2 %).
The sensitivity of liquid-based cytology was 74.0 % while that of the Pap-test – 31.0 %.The specificity of liquid-based cytology(73.0 %) was lower than that of the PAP-test (86.0 %). The prognostic value of the positive result of the liquid-based cytology test (86.0 %) was identical to the PAP-test (85.0 %) prognostic value. However, the prognostic value of the negative result of the liquid-based cytology test (55.0 %) was much higher than that of the PAP-test (33.0 %).
Conclusion: Analyzing the results received it can be concluded that the liquid-based cytology makes it more likely to give a positive result in women who really have some disease, and to a lesser extent – in those who have no disease. Both screening methods have similar capacity to predict a disease. However, the prognosis of the probability of none disease in women with a negative result is higher with liquid-based cytology.
The method of cytological investigation – liquid cytology of the cervix – allows to obtain the most accurate result of the study of cells for the presence or absence of pathology and is highly effective for the detection of atypical and cancer cells.
Keywords
Article Details
Information about financing and conflict of interests
The authors declare that they have no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
How to Cite
References
Axel EM. Morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system in Russia. Oncogynecology. 2015; (1): 6-15. Russian (Аксель Е.М. Заболеваемость и смертность от злокачественных новообразований органов женской репродуктивной системы в России //Онкогинекология. 2015. № 1. С. 6-15)
Guide to outpatient care in obstetrics and gynecology /Ed. VN Serova, GT Sukhikh, VN Prilepskoy, VE Radzinsky. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2016. 1136 p. Russian (Руководство по амбулаторно-поликлинической помощи в акушерстве и гинекологии /под ред. В.Н. Серова, Г.Т. Сухих, В.Н. Прилепской, В.Е. Радзинского. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016. 1136 с.)
WHO Guidelines for Screening and Treatment of Precancerous Lesions for Cervical Cancer Prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013
National guidelines on gynecology /ed. GM Savelieva, GT Sukhikh, VN Serova, VE Radzinsky, IB Manukhin. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2017. 989 p. Russian (Национальное руководство по гинекологии /под ред. Г.М. Савельевой, Г.Т. Сухих, В.Н. Серова, В.Е. Радзинского, И.Б. Манухина. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2017. 989 с.)
Cervix, vagina, vulva. Physiology, pathology, colposcopy, aesthetic correction: a guide for practicing doctors /ed. SI Rogovskoy, EV Lime. M.: Editorial office of the magazine Status Praesens, 2014. 832 p. Russian (Шейка матки, влагалище, вульва. Физиология, патология, кольпоскопия, эстетическая коррекция: руков. для практик. врачей /под ред. С.И. Роговской, Е.В. Липовой. М.: Редакция журнала StatusPraesens, 2014. 832 с.)
Apgar BS., Brotsman G.L., Spitser M. /Ed. VN Prilepskoy, TN Bebnevoy. Clinical colposcopy: practical guidance. М.: Practical medicine, 2014. 384 p. Russian (Клиническая кольпоскопия: практ. руков. /Б.С. Апгар, Г.Л. Броцман, М. Шпицер. Под ред. В.Н. Прилепской, Т.Н. Бебневой. М.: Практическая медицина, 2014. 384 с.)
Korolenkova LI. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and early forms of cervical cancer: a clinical and morphological concept of cervical carcinogenesis. M., 2017. 300 p. Russian (Короленкова Л.И. Цервикальные интраэпителиальные неоплазии и ранние формы рака шейки матки: клинико-морфологическая концепция цервикального канцерогенеза. М., 2017. 300 с.)
Global Guidance For Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control October FIGO 2009
Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP): Interim clinical guidance for primary hrHPV testing 2015
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination. Committee Opinion Number 704, June 2017
Comprehensive cervical cancer control: a guide to essential practice. WHO . 2014. 393 р.
Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia from 1 November 2012 N 572n «On approval of the order of rendering medical assistance on the profile of obstetrics and gynecology» (excluding the use of assisted reproductive technologies)» Russian (Приказ Минздрава России от 1 ноября 2012 № 572н Об утверждении Порядка оказания медицинской помощи по профилю «акушерство и гинекология» (за исключением использования вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий))
Timush E, Adams KХ. Cervix. Cytological atlas. Translation from English ed. NI Kondrikova, M., 2009. 21 с. Russian (ТимушЭ., АдамсК. Шейка матки. Цитологический атлас. М., 2009. 21 с.)
Prevention of cervical cancer: a guide for doctors Ed. GТ Sukhikh, VN Prilepskaya. М.: MEDpress-inform, 2012. 190 p. Russian (Профилактика рака шейки матки: руков. для врачей /под ред. Г.Т. Сухих, В.Н. Прилепской. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2012. 190 с.)
Fluid and traditional cytology in diseases of the cervix. Ed. IP Shabalova et KT Kasoyan. OOO «Izdatelstvo»Triada», 2015. 316. Russian (Цитология жидкостная и традиционная при заболеваниях шейки матки, под редакцией И.П. Шабаловой и К.Т. Касоян. М.: ООО «Изд-во «Триада», 2015. 316 с.)
Diseases of the cervix and genital infections. Ed. VN Prilepskoy. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2016. 384 p. Russian (Заболевания шейки матки и генитальные инфекции /под ред. В.Н. Прилепской. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016. 384 с.)
Cobucci R, Maisonnette M et al. Pap-test accuracy and severity of squamous intraepithelial lesion. Indian J. Cancer. 2016; 53(1): 74-76
Schmidt D. Modern biomarkers for precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix: Histological-cytological correlation and use. Pathologe. 2016; Sep 15. [Epub. a head of print]
National guidelines on gynecology. Ed. GM Savelieva, GT Sukhikh, VN Serova, VE Radzinsky, IB Manukhin. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2017. 989 p. Russian (Национальное руководство по гинекологии /под ред. Г.М. Савельевой, Г.Т. Сухих, В.Н. Серова, В.Е. Радзинского, И.Б. Манухина. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2017. 989 с.)
Benign and precancerous diseases of the cervix from the position of cancer prevention (protocols of diagnosis and management of patients): Clinical recommendations. M., 2017. 37 p. Russian (Доброкачественные и предраковые заболевания шейки матки с позиции профилактики рака (протоколы диагностики и ведения больных): Клин. реком. М., 2017. 37 с.)