АДАПТАЦИЯ ДЕТЕЙ К ДОШКОЛЬНОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

Abstract

Aim – assessment of the course of children’s adaptation to a preschool educational organization (PEO) based on the results of a parent’s survey.
Materials and methods. A survey of parents of 210 children (born in 2020-2023) attending preschool educational organizations throughout the year was conducted using specially designed questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions covering the child’s general and specific preparation for attending kindergarten, as well as the course of the adaptation period, with provided answer options and the possibility to add custom responses. The criteria for adaptation included morbidity, appetite, and the child’s attitude toward attending a peer group. The survey was conducted in municipal polyclinics in Novosibirsk. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel from the Microsoft Office 2010 software package.
Results. General preparation for attending kindergarten was carried out to a sufficient extent. All children regularly attended preventive check-ups. Vaccination in accordance with the National Immunization Schedule and rickets prevention was completed in 97.1% of cases. A total of 86.7% of children were breastfed up to 6 months. Prior to the start of attending an organized childcare setting, 78.5% of parents received medical recommendations. According to the survey responses, a mild level of adaptation was observed in 67 (31.9%) children, a moderate level in 123 (58.5%), and a severe level in 20 (9.5%). Children with severe adaptation experienced frequent acute respiratory infections (ARIs), along with persistent appetite disturbances and/or a negative attitude toward attending a peer group.
Conclusion. The survey results showed that general preparation for attending preschool educational organizations was carried out for almost all children. Responses from the majority of participants (90.4%) indicated a relatively favorable course of the adaptation period, predominantly of mild and moderate severity. At the same time, some children experienced difficulties, including frequent acute respiratory infections (ARIs), appetite disturbances, and a negative attitude toward attending a peer group. Increasing parents’ awareness of children’s psychophysiological characteristics, especially at an early age, may help reduce morbidity and contribute to a more favorable adaptation period at the initial stage of socialization.