CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEBUT AND RISK FACTORS OF PEDIATRIC MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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Abstract
The aim of the research – to study the features of the clinical picture, MRI data of the brain and spinal cord, to identify predisposing factors for the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) in children and adolescents.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the neurological departments of the State Children's Clinical Hospital N 3 and the Collective Children's Clinical Hospital in Omsk. The medical records of patients with an established diagnosis of MS for 2020-2024 were studied. For quantitative variables, results are presented as arithmetic mean (M) and standard deviation (±SD). Calculations and diagrams were made in Microsoft Excel 2016.
Research results. Among the patients, girls predominated – 65 %. The average age of onset was 14.4 ± 2.27 years. Polysymptomatic character was observed in 60 % of patients. The most common reasons for referral: optic neuritis (50 %), sensory disorders (45 %) and decreased muscle strength in the extremities (45 %). Ataxia was detected during examination in 45 %. Before the initial treatment, 30 % of patients noted similar complaints for 1-3 years. Factors that preceded the onset of MS: acute respiratory diseases with prolonged fever, severe emotional stress. Factors that preceded the onset of MS: acute respiratory diseases with prolonged fever, severe emotional stress. Risk factors for MS: family history of MS and autoimmune diseases (AID) in 25 %, obesity in 25 %, concomitant AIDS in 10 %. According to MRI, demyelination foci were most often located periventricularly (90 %) and subcortically (65 %). «Old» lesions, without accumulation of contrast agent, were present in 80 % of patients.
Conclusion. MS occurs more often in girls during adolescence. The presence of complaints in the anamnesis and the discrepancy between the morphological picture and clinical manifestations may indicate the presence of a prodromal period of MS. The onset of MS may be associated with various factors; their influence needs to be studied in more detail. Obesity, a family history of MS, and the presence of concomitant AIDS may increase the risk of developing the disease.
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