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БЕСПЛОДИЕ – ГЛОБАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИКО-СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА МИРОВОГО СООБЩЕСТВА
Аннотация
Цель работы – изучение особенностей бесплодия как глобальной медико-социальной проблемы мирового сообщества.
Материалы и методы. Материалами исследования являются данные государственной медицинской статистики, данные Всемирной организации здравоохранения, научные и методические публикации, посвященные проблематике бесплодия, как одной из основных глобальных проблем современной клинической репродуктологии и гинекологии.
Результаты. Мировыми исследованиями подтверждается, что в 40-55 % всех случаев бесплодия причинами являются женщины-партнеры, а мужчины – в 20-40 %. Около 30 % случаев бесплодия во всем мире определяются как идиопатическое (необъяснимое) и эта клиническая проблема определяется как отсутствие очевидной причины бесплодия семейной пары. Наиболее распространенными причинами женского бесплодия являются нарушения овуляции (синдром поликистозных яичников), преждевременная недостаточность яичников, дисфункция гипоталамуса, трубные причины, эндометриоз и/или маточные и цервикальные причины. Структура мужского бесплодия детерминирована нарушениями нормального функционирования сперматозоидов, закупорками (которые препятствуют выбросу спермы), варикоцеле, гормональным сдвигом, онкопатологией, инфекциями, антиспермальными антителами и генетическими причинами, обусловленными системными или синдромальными генетическими дефектами. Четкое определение молекулярного дефекта, который обуславливается отдельными генами, дает возможность разработать и реализовать методику таргетной терапии для его коррекции.
Заключение. На современном этапе развития науки и медицины уже наработан значительный опыт применения разнообразных методик коррекции как мужского, так и женского бесплодия, хотя уровни его распространенности доказывают необходимость дальнейшего поиска механизмов терапевтического и хирургического вмешательства в случае развития данной проблемы.
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