СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА МЕХАНИЗМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОСТРОЙ ЖИРОВОЙ ДИСТРОФИИ ПЕЧЕНИ ПРИ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ
Аннотация
Цель исследования – изучить основные механизмы формирования острой жировой дистрофии печени (ОЖДП) у беременных на основании анализа современных баз данных.
Материалы и методы. Проведена оценка информационных баз системы Cochrane, HINARY, PubMed. Key words (слова для поиска): «acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy» и «biochemical mechanism». Глубина поиска составила 5 лет (2014-2018 гг.).
Результаты исследования. Обнаружено 1139 публикаций. Соответствовали критериям отбора 37 публикаций. В основе патогенеза общепризнанно находятся митохондриальные цитопатии и аномалии митохондриального β-окисления. Фермент, длинноцепочечная 3-гидроксиацил-кофермент A-дегидрогеназа (LCHAD), является ключевой частью митохондриального трифункционального белка. Доказано, что около 20 % новорожденных, родившихся у матерей с AFLP, имеют дефекты ß-окисления и испытывают недостаток в LCHAD из-за мутации на одном или обоих аллелях α-субъединицы трифункционального белка. Неокисленные жирные кислоты активно включаются в синтез триацилглицеридов (TAG) через фосфатидную кислоту. Фосфатидная кислота также является метаболитом для синтеза фосфолипидов с участием липотропных факторов (серин, холин, метионин, В12 и т.д.). Однако, в условиях активного роста плода, идет их активное использование на пластические реакции, и печень матери испытывает их дефицит. Другой причиной накопления TAG в печени беременной женщины может быть нарушение синтеза транспортных форм липопротеинов и, соответственно, блокирование их выхода из гепатоцитов.
Заключение. Таким образом, анализ современных литературных источников свидетельствует о взаимодействии плода и матери, вызывающем острую жировую дистрофию печени при беременности. Примерно у каждой пятой женщины с этим осложнением может быть плод с дефицитом LCHAD. Женщина, перенесшая ОЖДП, и ее новорожденный должны пройти скрининг на дефицит LCHAD.
Ключевые слова
Литература
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