ГЕПАТИТ В И БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К СКРИНИНГУ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНОЙ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ИНФЕКЦИИ


Мозес К.Б., Мозес В.Г., Захаров И.С., Елгина С.И., Рудаева Е.В.

Аннотация


Цель исследования – провести аналитический обзор современных источников научной литературы, освещающих вопросы скрининга и профилактики осложнений у беременных с гепатитом В.

Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ 74 отечественных и зарубежных источников литературы по данной теме.

Результаты. По результатам анализа научных данных обновлено представление о распространенности гепатита В при беременности в Российской Федерации и в мире. В обзоре описаны возможные осложнения беременности и родов, ассоциированные с гепатитом В, освещены теоретические и практические вопросы профилактики вертикальной передачи инфекции, описаны вопросы эффективности скрининга данного заболевания и тактика ведения беременности у инфицированных женщин.

Заключение. Высокая распространенность гепатита В при беременности делает его актуальной проблемой. Проведенный анализ свидетельствует, что проведение активно-пассивной иммунопрофилактики новорожденным от HBeAg-позитивных матерей является эффективным способом профилактики неонатальной передачи вирусного гепатита В. Для предупреждения резистентности иммунопрофилактики у HBeAg-позитивных женщин с высоким уровнем ДНК ВГВ (> 200000 МЕ/мл) и/или уровенем HBsAg выше 4 log10 ME/мл рекомендуется проведение в третьем триместре беременности химиопрофилактики ламивудином, тенофовиром и телбивудином, среди которых тенофовир является предпочтительным.


Ключевые слова


вирус гепатита В; гепатит В; иммунизация; беременность; роды; послеродовый период

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